It is the axon that propagates the nerve impulse, which is communicated to one or more cells. Multiple muscle cells are bound by connective tissue into fascicles, and multiple fascicles join to form a muscle belly. . Read more. I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. Pyramidal cells and olfactory cells are two other examples of neurons named for these classifications which will be discussed later. Therefore, the purkinje cell somewhat resembles a shrub or coral in shape. Sertoli cells prevent the immune system from attacking and destroying the spermatozoa. They are responsible for the computation and . The outer cerebellar cortex, shown in Figure 8, is tightly folded and has three distinct layers: Purkinje cells are typically arranged in a single row between the exterior molecular and interior granular layers. They also have cilia on their apical surface to help move the CSF through the ventricular space. The nervous system can be organized in several different ways. In this electron micrograph, note some of the features you saw in ventral horn motor neurons with the light microscope, such as the large, pale nucleus, prominent nucleolus, Nissl bodies, dendrites and axon. The ECM of nervous tissue is rich in ground substance, with little to no protein fibers. The spleen on the other hand, filters blood. 10:10 - 12:05 Muscle Tissue ppt | pdf WEEK 2 Monday, August 22. Unipolar cells are exclusively sensory neurons and have two unique characteristics. Learn more about the histology of the upper and lower digestive tract. The ventral spinal cord. Oligodendrocytes (another type of glial cell) are responsible for the myelination of CNS axons. Did you know that chronic alcoholics have a lot more smooth endoplasmic reticulum concentrations in their hepatocytes? Movement on one side of the body is often controlled by nerve impulses originating on the opposite side of the brain. Nervous tissue contains two categories of cellsneurons and neuroglia. One could say that the masters of the endocrine glands are the hypophysis (pituitary gland) and hypothalamus, since they regulate all other endocrine organs by way of homeostatic feedback mechanism. Those processes extend to interact with neurons, blood vessels, or the connective tissue covering the CNS that is called the pia mater (Figure 4). In terms of clinical significance, the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus are particularly vulnerable to damage in severe circulatory failure and by anoxia of persistent severe seizures. Just medial (to the right) of the tail of the caudate, note the choroid plexus slide NP004N View Image, which consists of highly convoluted and vascularized villi covered by ependymal cells which are specialized for the production of cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF. The endocrine system is divided into major endocrine glands (e.g. With one exception, neurons such as this (though not necessarily this large) are found in ALL areas of the nervous system. Some of the proteins help to hold the layers of the glial cell membrane closely together.The appearance of the myelin sheath can be thought of as similar to the pastry wrapped around a hot dog. Spleen and lymph node histology shows an encapsulated meshwork of fibres, in which immune system cells sit. The spinal cord contains a butterfly-shaped area of grey matter surrounded by an outer layer of white matter. These cells contain contractile filaments (myofibrils) called actin (thin) and myosin (thick). The nucleus is considered to be the brain of the cell. Muscle tissue maintains synthesizing and contractile functions. . Due the nature of histological sampling, it is impossible to see the entirety of a three-foot-long neuron on a single slide. Here, the tissue of interest is immersed in a fixative solution. - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 2727 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 14 Provided by: apbrwww5A Category: Tags: histology | nervous | tissue less Connective tissue proper is further subdivided into loose connective tissue, mostly found in internal organs as supporting tissue stroma, and dense connective tissue, which can be regular (tendons, ligaments) or irregular (dermis of the skin, organ capsules). Neurons. Upon maturation, they are released into the blood, lymph and into secondary lymphoid organs, where they work alongside immune system support cells to carry out a detailed surveillance of potential threats. This is the final course in the series that will explore special stains used in the clinical histology laboratory. This actually causes problems with drug delivery to the CNS. A unity of tissues with a more complex set of functions, defined by the combination of structure and function of the comprising tissues. DNA is condensed and coiled up into chromosomes. There is a lot more to know about the female reproductive system. Both will appear grey to the naked eye and under the microscope, due to their lack of myelin. Nervous tissue contains two basic categories of cells: neurons and support cells (glia). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Wednesday, August 24. ("4" in the orientation figure) a polymorphic layer containing nerve fibers (known as "mossy fibers") and cell bodies of interneurons, ("5" in the orientation figure) a middle granule cell layer containing the round, neuronal cell bodies of dentate granule cells. All spaces are occupied either by the processes of neurons or glia or by capillaries (these capillaries are somewhat swollen here because the tissue was fixed by perfusion). The lateral extension of the ventral horn slide 065-2 contains relatively large, multipolar visceral motor neurons of the intermediolateral cell column that extends from levels T1 through L2 of the spinal cord. Last reviewed: November 28, 2022 In these slides, dorsal happens to be "up," but you should be able to tell dorsal and ventral horns based on morphology and the cells present rather than the orientation. Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes (dendrites, axons). The cells are laid down on top of dense irregular connective tissue, the basement membrane (BM). Did you know that there are special cardiomyocytes in your heart that spontaneously generate impulses to initiate heartbeats? The most used tool today for examining cells, tissues and organs is optic (light) microscopy. How is this different in the spinal cord? Tissue preparation, tissue staining, microscopy, hybridisation. Hair follicles are invaginations of the epidermis that contain rapidly proliferating and keratinizing cells responsible for the production and growth of hair. Histology of the Nervous System Description: Histology of the Nervous System X-Section of Brain Tissue 4 1 2 3 1. Philadelphia, Pa: Wolters Kluwer. It relays sensory input to cerebral cortex. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. Histology Complete and Basic Tissues. The epidermis (epithelium) and dermis (connective tissue) compose the skin. Ppt #2. Because information flows through the neuron from dendrites or cell bodies toward the axon, these names are based on the neurons polarity (Figure 2). Uploaded on Jun 06, 2013 Elina + Follow cuboidal epithelium water loss Did you know that the only thing preventing all the water in your body from leaking out through your skin are the tight junctions between the keratinocytes? The most common technique used is the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Thoroughly learn the parts of a cell using our diagrams and cell quizzes! It is composed of densely packed epithelial cells with only a little extracellular matrix (ECM). It consists of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia. Remember that the perikaryon is the metabolic support center for each neuron, so, therefore, motor neurons require much larger perikarya. Note that sacral levels of the cord (levels S2-4) also contain visceral motor neurons in the lateral horn, but these are parasympathetic. Nervous tissue consists of two cells: nerve cells or neurons and glial cells, which helps transmit nerve impulses and also provides nutrients to neurons. 4. These hormones regulate a variety of processes, such as metabolism, growth and blood pressure. The main effector cells of the lymphatic system are the immune system cells. Remember, a nerve is a bundle of axons, running in parallel, in the PNS. Luv ya! Neurons in the dorsal horn are essentially interneurons that project to other regions of the CNS (e.g. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Ongoing research pursues an expanded role that glial cells might play in signaling, but neurons are still considered the basis of this function. Histology of Nervous TissueNervous system ppt #2. Neurons are the cells considered to be the basis of nervous tissue. Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. Bipolar cells have two processes, which extend from each end of the cell body, opposite to each other. There are many neurons in the nervous systema number in the trillions. It provides preganglionic visceral motor output to sympathetic ganglia. Table 2 outlines some common characteristics and functions. Be able to identify tissues in the nervous system (nerves, cell bodies and ganglia, and white vs. gray matter in the spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebrum). They have one axon and two or more dendrites (usually many more). Download Presentation Histology of Nervous Tissue An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. One cell providing support to neurons of the CNS is the astrocyte, so named because it appears to be star-shaped under the microscope (astro- = star). Interstitial cells produce testosterone, a hormone that regulates spermatogenesis. 1:00 - 1:50 Nervous Tissue ppt | pdf | lecture recording (for both hours) 2:05 - 2:55 Connective Tissue ppt | pdf. The neuronal bodies within the grey matter are organized into layers (laminae). Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY 2 Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell neuron neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of neuroglia astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cell, microglia Synapses Myelin formation function General structure of peripheral nerves Ganglia dorsal root ganglia autonomic ganglia For example, the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach fundus contains special parietal cells which secrete HCl to break down meat proteins. The nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann cell are on the edge of the myelin sheath. Neurons can also be classified on the basis of where they are found, who found them, what they do, or even what chemicals they use to communicate with each other. Whereas the manner in which either cell is associated with the axon segment, or segments, that it insulates is different, the means of myelinating an axon segment is mostly the same in the two situations. Bipolar cells are not very common. However, the endothelial cells maintain these junctions in response to signals (via foot processes) from ASTROCYTES. These cells have a single, long, nerve tract entering the bottom of the cell body. Slide 13270 astrocytes, Gold-staining View Virtual Slide Go to a lighter stained area of the slide, which is in focus, and look for typical star-shaped cells, which represent astrocytes. Neurons are usually described as having one, and only one, axona fiber that appears as a long cord emerging from the cell body and projects to target cells. The sample on the slide below (Figure 7) was taken from the motor cortex, an area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex that is involved in the conscious planning and execution of voluntary muscle movement. Schwann cells are different than oligodendrocytes, in that a Schwann cell wraps around a portion of only one axon segment and no others. Muscle attaches to bone via tendons; bundles of dense regular connective tissue made out of many collagen type I fibers. Very little can pass through by diffusion. Histology Copyright by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak. Astrocytes - Technically, the junctions between endothelial cells constitute the actual "barrier." Some cutting edge research suggests that certain neurons in the CNS do not conform to the standard model of one, and only one axon. (PWA), including the SecondLookHistology apps. Next, the tissue is embedded with paraffin wax, which firms the tissue enough permit thin slices. Because of this, only specific types of molecules can enter the CNS. Ongoing research into these cells, although not entirely conclusive, suggests that they may originate as white blood cells, called macrophages, that become part of the CNS during early development. Then, get ready to test your knowledge! If you were to look at some bones on a skeleton, youd see a greyish rigid mass with some bumps and depressions. They are responsible for the electrical signals that communicate information about sensations, and that produce movements in response to those stimuli, along with inducing thought processes within the brain. Any size contribution is welcomed and will help us to provide these popular review tools to students at the University of Michigan and to many more worldwide. The primary purpose of this article is to evaluate the histology of peripheral nervous tissue. Bundles of myelinated axons in the brain are called tracts, while bundles of axons in the PNS are called nerves. It provides somatic motor output to skeletal muscles. Mesenchyme gives rise to all types of connective tissue. You should also identify the dorsal and ventral horns in slide 65-1N stained with Masson trichrome. One or more cell processes may also be seen emerging from the neuronal perikaryon. To visualize this dendritic tree, an osmium stain can be used. Neurons are characterized by a large cell body or perikaryon containing a large, pale (active, euchromatic) nucleus with a prominentnucleolus. The delicate meshwork of dendritic processes and nerve fibers (axons) lying between cells in the gray matter is called the neuropil. Much like the male, the female reproductive system is also designed for reproduction and sexual pleasure. Astrocytes in the CNS provide metabolic support for neurons and play an important role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier (see slide 13270 astrocytes View Virtual Slide). The white matter contains nerve fibers (axons) entering and exiting the gray matter, and traveling up and down the spinal cord, linking it to the brain. Tissues. The latter constitutes the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES). Using the standard model of neurons, one of these processes is the axon, and the rest are dendrites. The product is the magnifying power of the objective (4x, 10x, 20x, 40x or 100x) multiplied by the power of the ocular lenses (10x). The neuron shown is a multipolar neurons. Based on morphology, epithelial cells can be either squamous (flat), cuboid (cube) or columnar (rectangular). It contains connective tissue, mostly composed of adipocytes. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Which of the following cell types contributes to maintenance of the blood-brain barrier? For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. And there are many different types of neurons. It is permeable to oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases, allowing for the occurrence of gas exchange. Spermatozoa pass from the testis into the epithelial lined epididymis and ductus (vas) deferens via efferent ductules, then into the ejaculatory duct, which merges with the urethra. Calcific bodies are present in the choroid plexus, another common site of accumulation as the years pass. Access to the supplemental resources for this session is password-protected and restricted to University of Michigan students. Mucoid connective tissue is a fetal tissue present in the umbilical cord. It also includes important proteins that are integral to that membrane. Let histology be a piece of cake once you learn how to examine a histology slide! Each gap is called a node of Ranvier and is important to the way that electrical signals travel down the axon. The length of the axon between each gap, which is wrapped in myelin, is referred to as an axon segment. Tissues join together in different arrangements to form our body organs. 1. Wheaters functional histology: A text and colour atlas. The axon projects from the dendrite endings, past the cell body in a ganglion, and into the central nervous system. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. Nervous tissue histology 1. Using only histological evidence, could you determine from where in the nervous system a sample of tissue was taken? All of these components work together to provide movement to the body. That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. 138, 7.18). One is the axon and one the dendrite, forming a straight line. If the myelin sheath were drawn to scale, the neuron would have to be immensepossibly covering an entire wall of the room in which you are sitting. Both respond immunologically to foreign material in the fluid passing through. Where the axon emerges from the cell body, there is a special region referred to as the axon hillock. This gives the neuron a polaritymeaning that information flows in this one direction. It consists of internal genitalia (vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries) and external genitalia or vulva (mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, vestibule, vestibular bulb and glands). Four of them are found in the CNS and two are found in the PNS. Different regions of the nervous system have distinct histological characteristics that make them easily recognizable, under the microscope. 1. Ana 211 (Histology of Nervous tissue).pptx sunday godwin obaje Read Now Download Free PDF Related Papers Cancer Registry Report 2000 2002 Robina Greaves Download Free PDF View PDF Identification of OTX2 as a Medulloblastoma Oncogene Whose Product can be Targeted by All-Trans Retinoic Acid Timothy Parrett Download Free PDF View PDF All Rights Reserved. Histology. Skin glands include sweat glands (apocrine and eccrine) and sebaceous holocrine glands, both are important in regulating body temperature. The dendritic tree and axon of each Purkinje cell can only be seen in thicker sections stained with special silver stains. adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system). Cerebral cortex 3. ("6" in the orientation figure) a molecular layer containing dendrites of the granule cells. The ovary is actually an organ homologous to the male testis, it gives rise to the gametes (ova) and steroid hormones (estrogen, progesterone). When viewing the microscopic anatomy of the ovary, we can see that it consists of a surface germinal epithelium (capsule), ovarian follicles (cortex) and connective tissue (capsule, cortex medulla). The projections connect at the dendrites and are so extensive that they give the microglial cell a fuzzy appearance.
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nervous tissue histology ppt
