The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and The states were allowed to ignore the Fourteenth Amendment. Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. Nursing care plan about Risk for fetal injury related to shoulder dystocia? This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. Yes, two from Mississippi. 0 109 0 obj <> endobj Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. The period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring Southern states back into the Union What was a Question 2 Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? Sharecropping practices kept many African Americans in working conditions that werent a significant improvement over slavery. Saliency maps reveal directly how much a change in each input pixel would affect reconstruction loss, while each pixel's reconstruction error may be attributed to many input pixels when layers are fully connected. Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". What happened to black Turn in their completed worksheets from Activities 1 and 2 for a grade. 2. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p What tactic was used? Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. Analyzing Primary SourcesThis lesson involves using a number of primary source documents authored by a variety of people; some were highly educated, others were less so, and still others were recently freed slaves who were barely literate. Prior to his election Congress had already passed, among other legislative acts: Guaranteed protection for all U.S. citizens, regardless of color, to "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind." Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. they wre industrialists and bankers. dkRlbH/Wo/3+Po32dDJAw'sN72G>0,a-X{..\&j;Z0P{~S W]O"Kwrzb\G 7O XctWhpk With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. Compose a two-page essay explaining the ways in which the effects of Reconstruction may continue to affect our politics today. What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? It was signed into law by President Andrew Johnson. bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. Who did southern voters elect to office under the terms of presidential reconstruction? Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. Southern Democrats who packed their bags and fled to the West and North to escape the progressive aims of Radical Reconstruction. 5. The teacher may also wish to begin thinking about how the class is to be divided into small groups (3-5 is suggestedbut the teacher should judge the correct size based on the size of the class) as several of the activities in this lesson involve small group work. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. Provided food, clothes, transportation, etc. What did Johnson advise the southern states to do about the 14th amendment? Grant was nearly universally revered by the time of his death in 1885. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. African Americans began to be elected to federal, state, and local governmental posts. For more detailed information on the process of Reconstruction, the teacher is encouraged to visit America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War; for a timeline of major events of Reconstruction during the war itself, of particular use is Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. To help African Americans, particularly those who had been enslaved, adjust to life with increased rights and responsibilities, To ensure that white voters supported anti-slavery laws and policies. Also, this page requires javascript. White Violence- southerners could deal better than the north The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. Reconstruction in Practice. The Reconstruction Act was refined by subsequent legislation. WebActivity #2: Evaluating ReconstructionThe Fourteenth Amendment Directions: It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been Lincoln's and Johnson's plans fundamentally different from the Radical Republican plan. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. Alexander Stephens. Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community, PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS (INFINITIVE VS., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. Segregation of both the official and unofficial variety took root. While there were some improvements in African American life in the post-war South, many whites were reluctant to abandon their racist attitudes and biased practices. What limited African American freedom during Reconstruction? The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. What wasthe primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? In some cases these newcomers were motivated by noble sentiment, while others were merely out to seek their fortunes. Hayes would be president with the understanding that he would deal 'justly' with the south (leave them alone and allow them to restore white supremacy. endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. %%EOF After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. The federal government pledged larger amounts of financial assistance to the Southern states. This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. B 9. The effects of the Civil War and of Reconstructionparticularly in the Southcontinue to shape and to be a contentious subject in our politics today. What did the conflict between Johnson and Congress result in? The Civil Rights Act of 1866 defined citizenship and affirmed that all citizens are equally protected by the law. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ The sentence contains at least one complement. still conservative Republicans. #;ou20/. RZhC During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. WebThe Reconstruction period lasted from 1865 to 1877. What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union. In fact, African Americans took part in all the conventions and made up the majority of delegates in South Carolina. In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. Where did most black Americans live in 1900? Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. In preparation for teaching this lesson, the teacher should review the entire lesson plan, including introductory background information. Much of the South lay in ruins with (113M HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. Formally defines citizenship and protects a person's civil and political rights from being abridged or denied by any state. many became sharecroppers. 75RockiCr ? He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. Who were the Exodusters? They gave land to the railroads. Ulysses S. Grant was confronted with these momentous questions upon his election to the presidency in 1868. He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. Senators? 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Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. pF{:RTV Blacks were required to either sign labor contracts or face arrest for vagrancy, and they were not allowed to serve on juries or testify in court. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# They were northerners who came south for jobs. WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. Lincoln's plan was the easiest, and the Radical Republican Plan was the hardest on the South. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. Use the links above to research more about each aspect of Reconstruction, List the name of your character on the worksheet. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. endstream endobj 419 0 obj <>stream Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. HUMO@W o%T@EBQ6P}wwIJ/$7~\]1U 7d9c$y_M)8L%D/*rTPg2QL(Ies>U,;1Q8U#91 EbS Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? WebEvaluating Reconstruction As the Civil War was drawing to a close in 1865, President Lincoln began making plans for the physical, economic, social and political rehabilitation of a region Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? What was President Johnsons role in the period of Radical Reconstruction that took place in 1867 and 1868? 10% plan What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction called? Webshark diving captions; how old is linda olsen global news calgary; commercial property for lease manatee county; woah oh oh oh ohhh song 80s . This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. Did Congress like the 10% Plan? President Johnsons view of African Americans was: That they should be granted equal rights to whites, including voting rights, That they should be granted equal rights to whites, but not voting rights, That they should not be granted equal rights to whites. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. The objective is to show the students how the combination of facts, opinions, statistics, and pictures can broaden their understanding of a subject. He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? The Democratic Party was disbanded and replaced with a new, more liberal version of the Republican Party. It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible. Would he or she benefit from certain parts of it? The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. In this How did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end Reconstruction? HUj@}WDn! Johnson versus Congress. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. `cw]}{(ugeFo, +mKk.]{g~S^NWs0znS`~Zm%,Kw~vBY5_oLx|? Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that No. e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W In any event, these Northern carpetbaggers were viewed as outsiders and exploiters by many who formerly had been loyal to the Confederacy. Sharecropping. A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. Congressional Reconstruction. Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. Did it accomplish anything? Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. Congressmen? The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. Maintaining a visible and active presence of Union troops in the South to facilitate the peaceful operation of government and Reconstruction was expensive and frustrating to many in Congress. hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., Who did it benefit? What was the premise behind the sharecropping model of agriculture? How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. He antagonized the northern voters. The new legislation was passed in July over Johnson's veto. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? Connect to Life Which speaker's view of love appeals more to you? The House of Representatives even voted to impeach Johnson over an appointment he made that violated the newly instated Tenure of Office Act. corruption did not come to an end. Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. WebCompare and contrast the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and the Radical Republicans. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? He told the southern states to reject it. Then, for each characteristic of, Reconstruction listed on the chart, check off whether your character would feel positive. By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. Farmers would collude to drive up prices of certain crops. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. hbbd``b` $ H0E$ b3!D( ( qX | The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. Would he or she feel anger over, anything? Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? WebThe reconstruction approach they preferred was embodied in the WadeDavis bill (July 1864), which called for the establishment of a military government in each state and required at least fifty percent of the eligible voters to swear allegiance to the United States. Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. How would you evaluate corruption in the Reconstruction legislatures? No. What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* For all groups: The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Group A: Excerpt from Frederick Douglass, Address to the Massachusetts Antislavery Society, April 1865, Group B: Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. The impeachment of Johnson. These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. It required former Confederate states to include a ban on slavery in their state constitutions. D 7. How did whites regain political control in the south? Was corruption now any less? WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? In the South, the failure of Republican state governments to make serious inroads on the politics of the region led to a weakening resolve to protect the civil and political rights of freedmen. white violence, KKK, terrorizing blacks and those who supported them so they wouldn't vote. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. They passed two bills. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI answer choices Time period after the Civil War Attempt to rebuild and reunite the North and South When 3 new amendments to the Constitution were passed All of the above! bookmarked pages associated with this title. Only in South Carolina. Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in the Pacific? Henry McNeal Turner was the first African American elected to the Georgia General Assembly. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. Removing #book# Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. Those who were not eligible for amnesty could appeal for a pardon. The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to allow all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was a bold and progressive change to Americas Constitution, however feelings of racism persisted throughout the wounded nation.
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evaluating reconstruction quizlet
