fully hatched blastocyst success rate

The site is secure. (2022), which looks at the % of mature eggs that go on to form blastocysts: You can read the full study in my post Age-specific blastocyst conversion rates and other IVF outcomes in good prognosis women. Embryos with low morphological scores can still develop to the blastocyst stage and result in good clinical outcomes. 4 studies showed the trophectodermwas predictive. By transferring these embryos to patients, different studies have shown that lower quality embryos tend to result in fewer live births compared to high quality embryos. (2011), younger women <33 years old with high quality blastocysts have a 59.9% chance of live birth, while older women >38 years old with high quality blastocysts have a 32.6% of live birth. These results suggest that reduced success rates associated with fresh transfers of later developing blastocysts may be the result of asynchrony with endometrial receptivity instead of poorer embryo quality. The grades for inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm epithelium (TE) revealed that the live birth rates for AA grade embryos were 41.4%, BB grade . PMC 0000005048 00000 n Although grading is more or less universal, every fertility center has a unique system and that accounts for the slight differences that you may see in grades. For people who meet the criteria for assisted hatching increased IVF success has been observed. 0000000016 00000 n Its not clear why clinics do this, but it may be a way for clinics to boost their success rates so they remain competitive, or theyre concerned that these embryos might have a higher chance of leading to complications. Storr et al. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Clinical outcomes of not fully hatched versus fully hatched blastocysts in fresh and FET groups. Theres quite a bit of data Ive compiled on these embryos, and you can check it out on my Grade C (poor quality) embryo success rates post, but heres one of them: Blastocyst grading is done primarily using the Gardner system. However, not all good quality embryos follow the rules. This has led to improvement in the outcome of IVF nationwide. Blastocysts actually expand and contract (or collapse/compact) as a part of their normal development. think twice before sharing personal details, foster a friendly and supportive environment, remove fake accounts, spam and misinformation, delete posts that violate our community guidelines, reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts. 0000035459 00000 n Transferred one perfect 6AA fully hatched blastocyst - BFN! Older women tend to produce more aneuploid eggs, which result in aneuploid embryos. Fully hatched blastocyst with clear tightly packed ICM. Since the zona is gone, some worry that these embryos are more exposed and more fragile. We can see how age plays a role in the graph below, based on the Awadalla et al. There are 3 stages to an embryos expansion: early (1-2), expanding (3-4), hatching (5) and hatched (6). Laser-assisted hatching is currently the safest, fastest, and most effective technique. Yes, you can get pregnant if an embryo is transferred earlier (day 3) but it must reach the blastocyst stage within the uterus. Clinical outcomes of not fully hatched versus fully hatched blastocysts in fresh and, Clinical outcomes segregated according to, Clinical outcomes segregated according to the time the transferred embryo hatched. 0000010327 00000 n (Day 3 embryos that had 8 or more cells showed a significantly higher live birth rate). Before reading this please be aware that these success rates are based on large groups of women who were all treated in similar ways, at the same clinic (usually), with similar backgrounds (baseline characteristics, such as age, BMI, diagnosis, etc.). (2018). %PDF-1.7 % K. Here are 6 books that can support your IVF journey. We discuss their journey and provide expert advice on finding support. This study is very interesting! Limitations include the retrospective design and data from a single institution. He second pgd transfer attempt was nearly fully hatched and is a singleton. 0 - is a morula 1-2 - is an early blastocyst 3 - is a full blastocyst 4 - is an expanded blastocyst 5 - is a hatching blastocyst 6 - is a fully hatched blastocyst The first letter means how big the blastocyst is. 0000003407 00000 n We work hard to share our most timely and active conversations with you. Having 4 cells was ideal and resulted in ~30% live birth rate. Some of the cells form the trophectoderm epithelium (TE). The Prelude Connect App is now available for AFCC patients! Its important to do this because when water freezes it can form sharp ice crystals that can damage the embryo. A nomogram is kind of like a calculator that you can use to predict something, and this studys nomogram predicts how many blastocysts will develop. More than 70 weedy seadragons have hatched at Birch Aquarium in La Jolla after a first-of-its kind egg transfer in the public eye. But that isnt necessarily true. Reaching the end of the fertility trail with a prize to cuddle can be a physically and emotionally draining trek that covers so much uncharted territory. Please specify a reason for deleting this reply from the community. Transferred two each time Last cycle resulted in miscarriage at 8 weeks due to trisomy. Learn about the number of eggs retrieved and IVF success, Many human embryos are chromosomally abnormal, As female age advances, the rate of chromosomal abnormalities in eggs increases substantially, At 30 years old approximately 30% of eggs (and embryos) are chromosomally abnormal, By age 37 the average rate of chromosomal abnormality is 45%, 75% of embryos are abnormal by age 42, and 90% by age 44, This is because chromosomally abnormal embryos are more likely to arrest during early development compared to chromosomally normal embryos, Therefore, day 5 embryo transfer has a filtering effect weeding out some of the chromosomally abnormal embryos, Unfortunately, many chromosomally abnormal embryos form good looking blastocysts, To do more reliable screening for chromosomally abnormal embryos we can do preimplantation genetic screening PGS, PGS is done by biopsying day 5 or day 6 blastocysts and performing chromosomal testing on the biopsied cells, The embryos are frozen after the biopsy and transferred later after genetic test results are back. Ten years ago, day-three embryos were routinely transferred in IVF cycles. 2005-2023Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. I have the full summary of this study on my post Predicting live birth rates, multiples based on 223,377 transfers. 0000002958 00000 n Whats an A graded trophectoderm to one embryologist, may be a B to another (even from the same clinic). It has also been suggested that the complete removal of the . Embryoman (Sean Lauber) is a former embryologist and creator of Remembryo.com. Fragmentation is usually written as a percentage of the whole embryo. The Author 2016. What to Expect supports Group Black and its mission to increase greater diversity in media voices and media ownership. Is a fully hatched embryo more fragile than an unhatched embryo? 0000015984 00000 n Correlation between standard blastocyst morphology, euploidy and implantation: an observational study in two centers involving 956 screened blastocysts. If you look back at the previous pictures, youll see the zona is there also. I had a fully hatched blast transferred yesterday. I really like that graph above because it also shows how age plays into things. Does anyone have experience with a 5 day blast being fully hatched before it is frozen? (2022)compared the outcomes of day 5, 6 and 7 blastocysts that were tested for PGT-A (and were euploid). For cleavage stage embryos (day 2 or 3 embryos), embryo grading is mainly based on the number of cells and the amount of fragmentation the embryo has. This includes adjusting for maternal age, frozen embryo transfer protocol, endometrial receptivity, and methods of luteal support. But if youd like to learn more and better understand what youre looking at with your day 5 blastocyst picture, just send me an email! Embryos of all qualities have been shown to result in live births, even poor quality embryos or blastocysts that develop on day 7, and its important that your clinic doesnt discard these embryos to give yourself the best chance possible. Let's start by reviewing how blastocysts are graded: NUMBER: The number refers to the degree of expansion of the embryo's cavity and goes from 2-6. 248 of the 464 (53.45%) HgBl had positive fetal cardiac activity at the 7-weeks compared to 93 of 212 (43.87%) CHBl. These develop into the placenta and other tissues that your body needs for the pregnancy. How many embryos do you have on ice? Main results and the role of chance: A patient is older than 38 years old or has poor embryo quality, has had previous implantation failure, is using frozen-thawed embryos and has high follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. The outer layer of cells, the trophectoderm, undergoes a process called hatching, where it thins out and breaks open, allowing the blastocyst to attach to the uterine . Blastocyst Embryo Grading and Success Rates. Objective: To compare pregnancy outcomes between the transfer of PGT-A tested completely hatched blastocysts versus tested expanded or hatching blastocysts in frozen embryo transfers cycles. Why do embryos in IVF fail to implant or miscarry? A single euploid embryo was selected for transfer per cycle on either the morning of d6, for fresh transfers or 5 days after progesterone supplementation for patients with transfer in an FET cycle. Cytoplasmic pitting are there depressions in the cell contents? 0000001756 00000 n This is usually after an embryo is frozen with one grade, and then gets a different grade after it was thawed. All Rights Reserved, The first parameter refers to the size of the blastocyst and is graded from 1 (smallest), to 5 (largest). Inner cell mass (ICM) score, or quality - range A - C (A being the best) 3. We are here to answer any questions or concerns you may have so that you feel completely confident when taking the first step toward building your family. Blastocyst conversion is dependent on age, and older women tend to produce fewer blastocysts. My RE automatically does assisted hatching prior to the implantation as some women have issues with the hatching process, plus it's one step closer to implantation which my RE said was a great thing. Afailure to hatch could be a contributing factor to implantation failure. These are cleavage stage embryos because the cells cleave, or split, to form a new cell. One thing I hear often is that embryo grading doesnt matter if PGT-A is done and the embryo is euploid. Check here for the full. There are two main types of cells in a blastocyst: the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm. Accessibility A score of 3 indicated a full blastocyst with a blastocoel completely filling the embryo, 4 indicated an expanded blastocyst with a larger blastocoel volume, 5 indicated a hatching blastocyst with trophectoderm herniating through the zona pellucida, and 6 indicated a fully hatched blastocyst. Wijnland Fertility grades embryos according to three parameters. Ferreux L, Bourdon M, Sallem A, Santulli P, Barraud-Lange V, Le Foll N, Maignien C, Chapron C, de Ziegler D, Wolf JP, Pocate-Cheriet K. Hum Reprod. Check it out to see a lot more! 9 between the rate of good-quality blastocysts (per D2 embryo) cultured under 5% O2 (good-quality blastocyst rate = 16%) and under 20% O2 (good . LBR was defined as the delivery of a live infant after 24 weeks of gestation. The nurse didn't make it clear to me. So in my case it was good. At this stage, the cells inside the embryos are dividing embryologists call this the cleavage stage but they arent growing in size. See this image and copyright information in PMC. A blastocyst is a Day 5 embryo yet to fully understand what a hatching blastocyst is, we need to explain the early development of an embryo. government site. He earned his MSc in 2012 for his research on inflammation and lung cancerand started Remembryo in 2018 to help people understand the evidence behind common IVF topics. 2019 Oct 2;34(10):1948-1964. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dez163. Embryo grading is one step in a journey that may often seem endless. The expansion is the number portion and goes from 1-6, while the quality of the ICM and trophectoderm is indicated by a letter, where A is good, B is fair and C is poor. 0000003521 00000 n 2014 Jun;29(6):1173-81. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deu033. There was no differences in ectopic pregnancies, preeclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight, neonatal complications, congenital malformations and other outcomes. National collection of embryo morphology data into society for assisted reproductive technology clinic outcomes reporting system: Associations among day 3 cell number, fragmentation and blastomere asymmetry, and live birth rate. What to Expect supports Group Black and its mission to increase greater diversity in media voices and media ownership. They also examine how many eggs people get with increasing age, the number that are mature, the number that fertilize, etc. How many failed embryo transfers is too many? (, Clinical outcomes of not fully hatched and fully hatched blastocysts in fresh versus frozen cycles. The best way to get accurate statistics will be from your clinic. Group Black's collective includes Essence, The Shade Room and Naturally Curly. %%EOF IVF pregnancy with fully hatched embryo. Our clinic rates embryos out of 5 with 1 being the best. At least at my old clinic, the first number could vary based on factors besides fragmentation. Some evidence suggests a hatching blastocyst is more likely to split into twins although other studies have found no significant increase. Of course, the slow embryos that had blastocyst formation by day 6 and went on to expand, hatch, implant and make babies were strong and healthy all along just slower starters. (2011). Most cleavage stage transfers these days are day 3 transfers, with fewer performing day 2 transfers. This is crucial information to understanding embryo grading! Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 0000080442 00000 n She said they go into the thaw with a protective barrier (can't remember what it's called) And they will make a small slit in the barrier to allow for the embryo to break through and implant. Everything You Need to Know About Hatching Blastocysts, Fertility Help Hub. March 4, 2023 11:43 AM PT. If you remember from my earlier section on blastocyst grading, the expansion, ICM and trophectoderm are the three features that are graded. (Other techniques include chemical thinning, mechanical disruption with a microneedle and piezoelectric pulses.) The amount of fragmentation (given as a percentage), How similar in size each cell is (symmetry), Fair/poor quality embryos: 11% live birth rate. Thankfully, there is no variability in a 6. Chi-square analysis also demonstrated a significant difference between these two groups with regards to both rates of positive -HCG and the presence of a gestational sac. Like the ICM, trophectoderm quality depends on the number of cells and how cohesive and packed together they are. The embryo grows to form a blastocyst - a clump of cells (inner cell mass) inside a hollow ball of trophectoderm cells. My clinic just puts a blanket name of pgd over all the testing. Feb 3, 2011 5:34 PM. Fertility treatments take a toll on nonpregnant partners, too. Therefore, we should expect success rates to be higher in this selected population as compared to the rates in unselected patients. The blastocyst continues to develop until it reaches the hatching stage. Input your search keywords and press Enter. Additionally, the study was limited to patients that developed high-quality blastocysts suitable for biopsy. The day eggs are fertilized is considered day 0. This educational content is not medical or diagnostic advice. Bromer JG, et al. The ICM actually becomes the fetus, while the trophectoderm becomes the placenta! These fast growing embryos are growing a bit faster because they have more than 8 cells on day 3. 0000002302 00000 n I have two baby boys from 4 transfers thus far (2y7m and 8m). 0000003294 00000 n The ICM is the part of the embryo that develops into the fetus and is indicated by the first letter in the embryo grade (the A in 4AB). 0000004764 00000 n Study question: A cohort study of 1170 embryo transfers. Fully hatched blastocysts (n73) showed a signicantly lower PR (42%) when compared to blastocysts with a blastocoel of more than . I had a a fully hatched embryo placed and am 28+5 with identical twin girls. Hatching Blastocyst. This means that doctors can now transfer a single blastocyst with a good chance of success. The word morula comes from the Latin word morus which means a mulberry, or blackberry, which is kind of what it looks like! The trophectodermdevelops into the placenta and is indicated by the second letter of the blastocyst grade (the B in 4AB). 2 = cavity fills 1/3 of the embryo 3 = partial expansion, fills 70% of the embryo 4 = fully expanded cavity 5 = embryo has expanded and split open the zona Note that once you confirm, this action cannot be undone. (2000)found that the highest rate of blastocyst conversion was with day 3 embryos with 7-9 cells and <15% fragmentation (~35%-40%). Its used as a way to rank embryos for transfer, with the better quality embryos having a higher chance of implanting compared to the lower quality embryos. Consult with your doctor before making any treatment changes. Some clinics will also only call the embryo a 5 if there are many cells hatching out, while others have a lower threshold and might only require a single cell to be hatching out. My first transfer was hatching / fresh and resulted in a single healthy baby. As an embryo develops to day 3, theres a chance the embryo will continue development, or will stop developing and arrest. My first FET (chemical pregnancy) was a 5 day embryo. Some evidence suggests a hatching blastocyst is more likely to split into twins although other studies have found no significant increase. Secondary outcomes were similar between groups: BPR (74.1% versus 72.9%, respectively, OR 1.1; 95% CI: 0.7-1.6), LBR (55.0% versus 50.0%, OR 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6-1.1) and EPL rate (18.9% versus 22.9%, respectively, OR 0.8; 95% CI: 0.5-1.2). Hatching may not always take place but it is a necessary step towards implantation and pregnancy. Answer from: Andrew Thomson, FRCPath Andrew Thomson, FRCPath For women over 42, however, it's less than 10%. 0000002844 00000 n Long Protocol. Need help understanding your day 3 embryo grade and picture? A blastocyst is kind of like a water balloon. Use of this site is subject to our terms of use and privacy policy. Results: Of 676 euploid embryos included in this analysis, 464 were expanded or hatching (Ex/HgBl) and 212 were completely hatched (CHBl) at the time of transfer. Heres a handy quick guide to help you put it all together: As mentioned, some clinics might use D in addition to ABC, while others may use A-F. Others may use grade I in place of A or use a + or - sign where an A+ would be a perfect grade. This is from my Embryo Gallery where I post pictures of submitted embryo photos and their grades from my supporters. IVF; blastocyst hatching; comprehensive chromosomal screening; implantation; preimplantation genetic screening; trophectoderm biopsy. In examining our IVF success rates on SART, one can see that our frozen embryo transfer success rates in every age category are among the highest in the world. No symptoms whatsoever. Nov 20, 2013 at 7:38 PM. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. A Grade 1 embryo has just started to take in fluid and show signs of expansion and is still in the early stages. There are two main types of cells in a blastocyst: the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm. Huang et al. This is based on: This information can be gathered by examining the embryos under the microscope to give a grade which can be used as a ranking order for embryo transfer. You can see this in the graph below from Romanski et al. Inside this water-filled cavity is the ICM stuck to the inside at some position. Think of the crumbs falling off that birthday cake. (773) 794-1818, 820 E Terra Cotta Ave, Crystal Lake, IL 60014 Heads up: Blastocyst grading is complex and that means that grades arent carved in stone and may change. 0000036140 00000 n After adjusting for age, BMI, endometrial thickness at the LH surge and oocytes retrieved in an LR model, the hatching status was not shown to be associated with implantation (P > 0.05). Limitations, reasons for caution: Each laboratory has its own grading system and embryos are usually graded by the embryologists to categorize the embryo quality. Do you always assist if hatching doesn't happen naturally? Our embryo was a 6BB fully hatched. Cleavage stage versus blastocyst stage embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technology. When an embryo breaches the ZP before implanting into the uterus, it is considered to have hatched. For many women afflicted with infertility, this step is compromised. 0000003748 00000 n They also check for fragmentation. 0000002375 00000 n Thats the theory. Thanks! xref Variations of the system may be proprietary to a laboratory but convey the same information. I was so sure it would work first go round for me, since didn't have any history of fertility issues and was young (30). Trying to stand strong and wait until Thursday!! Group Leaders arent expected to spend any additional time in the community, and are not held to a set schedule. You can actually tell fertilization is occurring because you can see the nucleus of the egg and sperm cell (called the pronuclei, as plural). This process usually takes a few days. Remember that fertility treatment add-ons usually come at an additional cost so youll need to speak with your fertility doctor to understand if assisted hatching is right for you. My clinic also does assisted hatching. Fertilization is where the gametes (sex cells, like the egg and sperm cell) come together to form the embryo. My RE assures me that people do . At this point, the blastocyst begins to prepare for implantation in the uterine wall. Pioneered assisted hatching in Colorado with significant improvements to IVF success rates. This information, however, is not intended as medical advice nor is the advice tailored to any specific person or condition and it should not take the place of talking with your doctor or health visitor generally and, specifically, when you are trying to get pregnant. Miscarriages increased from 9% in the good group to 16% in the fair/poor group. Besides the impact of the embryo, why does implantation failure or miscarriage occur? Embryo selection for single embryo transfer is much easier due to the better embryo developing more strongly from day 3 to day 5. Blastocysts in this analysis were all tested for aneuploidy, by NextGen Sequencing. In fact, there are 5 cells that are in focus, with one cell on top and two below. Day 7 embryos, like poor quality embryos, have a chance of working and should be available to the patient! Assessment of embryo viability in assisted reproductive technology: Shortcomings of current approaches and the emerging role of mmetabolomics. In this case, you might just see a 1 or 2 as the grade and no letters. For women under age 35, the percentage of embryo transfers that "stick" (implantation rate) is almost 50%. and more of your hatching-blastocyst questions. In general, many cleavage stage embryos receive their grade based on the amount of fragmentation: Ideally when a cell divides they should both be the same size. Theres a reason embryos are graded. Oron et al. Instead of air, the embryo is filled with water and gets bigger, or expands, over time. Fresh and FET cycles and associated clinical outcomes were considered separately. During the thawing process the embryo fully hatched from its shell prior to transfer. JG is funded by MSTP grant T32 GM007280 (NIH). Often youll hear about an ideal number of cells, which is often stated to be 4 cells on day 2 and 8 cells on day 3. High quality day 5 blastocyst stage IVF embryoBlastocyst grading. (2016). 0000002733 00000 n Similarly, there was no significant difference in fetal cardiac activity rates between Ex/HgBl and CHBl with morphologic grades BB and < BB (p=0.17). There is no guarantee of an improved live birth rate. Scientific evidence suggests slightly improved chances of clinical pregnancy rates and with increased medical advances, a clearer understanding of the benefits of assisted hatching can be reached. Flow diagram of the study. Whats more important for an embryos grade: Expansion, ICM, or trophectoderm? What is the pregnancy success rate for frozen blastocyst embryo transfer in 32 yrs old woman? If theres not many hatching cells, they might call it a 3, if theres more it might be a 4, and if theres a lot then it might be a 5. Embryos that have 8 cells on day 3 are dividing faster than embryos with 6 cells on day 3. Would you like email updates of new search results? Assisted hatching can be expensive. To visualize a blastocyst, picture a blown up balloon with a golf ball inside stuck to one position. Study funding/competing interests: Before Theyre looking mainly at two things: An embryo thats dividing well should ideally have between 6 to 10 cells by day 3. 0000080481 00000 n doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267652. Well talk more about why embryos arrest in the next section, but first lets discuss how often a day 3 embryo progresses into a blastocyst, or blastocyst conversion as its called. Why do embryos arrest, or stop developing, and dont become blastocysts? So tuck away all of this information in a corner of your mind and go shopping for those snugglies. Becoming a blastocyst requires a massive shift in development. Wijnland emphasizes that additional treatments like assisted hatching should only be offered to cases that meet the criteria so assisted hatching isnt suitable for every patient going through IVF. Well talk about this in more detail below, but an embryos quality is only one part of what dictates success rates: age is very important also! This study also looked at frozen transfers, which were comparable. Once the embryo becomes a 3 or more, its much more accurate to grade the ICM and trophectoderm. Alternatively, frozen eggs can be thawed and fertilized, and the day the eggs are thawed will be day 0. Of these, 436 cycles entailed transfer of a NFH blastocyst (n = 123 fresh transfer, n = 313 frozen/thawed embryo transfer (FET)) and 372 cycles entailed transfer of an FH blastocyst (n = 132 fresh, 240 FET). Cytoplasmic strings are string-like structures that can be seen in an embryo photo. An embryo with a C grade ICM may be still developing. In this time, the embryo cant yet use its genome to make the proteins it needs to divide and grow, so it uses stored factors that were left behind in the egg to develop. All blastocysts must hatch in order to implant (similar to a chicken that has to hatch out of its egg when born). . Theres still a lot going on here that researchers arent sure about. Finally, the conditions and protocols used in the IVF laboratory can also impact the euploid blastocyst transfer success rates. On Day 5 there were three CCs and one BB. The ICM actually becomes the fetus, while the trophectoderm becomes the placenta! Ferreux et al. The number of cells in a cleavage stage embryo has to do with how fast it divides. Yellow shows success rates for day 5 blast transfers In other words is a 5BB better than a 3AA? Researchers are now looking into another factor that could impact embryo assessment: metabolomics. Again, your day 5 embryos are typically graded according to a number followed by two letters. I just had a FET today. Some think it may be a way for the blastocyst to help the hatching process. According to Goto et al. Now in the 2ww so hping for a great outcome. Do embryo grades matter? These two cell types are important when it comes to blastocyst embryo grading. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Your embryo is super strong and continued to do its thing after the thaw. (2015) examined day 2 single embryo transfers (average age 34): Youll notice from above that poor quality embryos have live birth rates that are lower, but this may be all that someone has. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. This is because the eggs from older women are more likely to produce aneuploid embryos that have a lower chance of achieving a live birth. ( A, Clinical outcomes of not fully hatched and fully hatched blastocysts in fresh versus, MeSH BFP - No heartbeat and growth 3+wks behind at 9 wks . A difference of 5% has been reported by Ciray et al. Some evidence suggests increased clinical pregnancy rates but no significant increase in the live birth rate. Embryos can also arrest for different reasons: I cover this all in detail in my post on Embryo arrest. DOI: Zhao, Z-Y, et al. I was googling for timelines after a 5dt to see when the embryo might actually implant. The current data point to trophectoderm biopsy being superior to . My embryo was almost fully out of its shell. But these embryos are considered after high quality embryos, because theyre less likely to work and doctors hope to get you pregnant as fast as possible! IVF can be a tough road, but it's not one you need to walk alone. Imagine taking a snowball and ripping pieces off of it the snowball itself gets smaller as each piece is removed.

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