The next day, there was a baby in between them. Even a cursory glance reveals she was an ambassador for non human communication. Many of her gestures were derived from ASL signs. Patterson: I think the rich environment played a large part. Patterson: She had been exposed to a mirror very early on. Koko cry. Patterson: It's similar, but each species has different specialties. Holliday directed me to a plastic chair. I am Gorilla, the subtitles read. CLAIM: Video shows Koko, a famous gorilla who learned and communicated with sign language, delivering her "last words to humanity," which involved saying people needed to "fix," "help," and "protect" Earth. Patterson: Oh yeah, the maternal instinct is raging with a baby gorilla! She purred, and offered it to me, to pet through the fence. Michael was the big storyteller. Morin: I read that she met Robin Williams once and had a similar reaction when she learned about his death. Ms Patterson and her researchers documented that the gorilla understood some 2,000 words of spoken English. Koko the Gorrilla. He tweeted: "At most she ritualised the use of some signs about the here and now and used them only after trainer promoted her. The gorilla was featured in multiple documentaries, including "Koko: A Talking Gorilla" that was screened at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival. [19], Researchers at The Gorilla Foundation said that Koko asked for a cat for Christmas in 1983. She lived most of her life in the Santa Cruz mountains on The Gorilla Foundation's preserve after having been born in the San Francisco Zoo in 1971. Gorillas have been observed, at least in zoos, to bury dead animals. The Gorilla Foundation said that through Patterson's tutelage, Koko learned more than 1,000 words in sign language and came to understand more than 2,000 words spoken to her in English. Her instructors said Koko used it to convey thoughts and feelings. Documentary telling the extraordinary story of Koko, the only 'talking' gorilla in the world, and her lifelong relationship with Penny Patterson. Morin: You mentioned that when you met her, Koko already was making signs of her own. Morin: Are there moral lessons we can learn from non-human primates? All our lives, deaf folks dont sign like Koko. Emotions of Animals and Humans: Comparative Perspectives. Olfaction is important to gorillas, Patterson explained. To celebrate her birthday in July 2015, Koko was presented another litter of kittens. Do you feel that way with Koko? I am nature. They were nonstandard gestures. (1985). [44][45], In December 1984, All Ball escaped from Koko's cage and was killed by a car. Koko became the most visible member of her species, the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), which is considered critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Morin: They need to be in a troop to mate? Apes, on the other hand, prefer functional language. It was a sign we almost never used! Kokos head-caretaker Francine Patterson laughed. "I'm totally aware of how blessed and magical my life has been with her," an emotional Patterson, 71, told ABC News. One of the first words that Koko used to describe herself was Queen. That's an example of projecting what we can and cant see. Koko - the gorilla said to have been able to communicate through sign language - has died at the age of 46. READ MORE : http://www.euronews.com/2018/06/21/ko. Lie down on the floor. Koko: The Gorilla Who Talks to People: Directed by Jonny Taylor. (1999). Unauthorized use is prohibited. Patterson: Its both really. Hurry! Its as simple as that. [39][40][41][42][32][43], Between 1972 and 1977, Koko was administered several infant IQ tests, including the Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale and form B of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. American Language Review, 3(3), 12-15. Hannaford, A. Patterson: Koko is more of a verbal manipulator and an object manipulator. 2013. In 2018, a female gorilla named Coco died at the age of 46 in one of the zoos of California, USA. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. She pulled a chimpanzee out of a moat when she had never ventured [into the water before] and had no idea what she was getting into. Koko picked out two, naming them "Ms. Gray" and "Ms. Black" and used sign language to communicate to her trainer that the kittens were her babies. She challenged the way we look at animals and gave us some incredibly adorable and heartbreaking moments. Thats when she takes the spoon and runs off with it so you cant give her another bite. When the Gorilla Foundation posted the video to its website at the time, it was accompanied by a news release, which explained that Koko was presented with a script drafted by the French nonprofit NOE Conservation, which she was allowed to improvise during a series of brief daily video discussion sessions.. When the cat was hit by a car and killed in 1985, Koko grieved for months and once signed "sad bad trouble" when asked about the kitty. Koko selected a gray male Manx and named him "All Ball". Perhaps even more importantly, it doesnt take away from the importance of Kokos message, regardless of how edited it may have been. Following Patterson's initial publications in 1978, a series of critical evaluations of her reports of signing behavior in great apes argued that video evidence suggested that Koko was simply being prompted by her trainers' unconscious cues to display specific signs, in what is commonly called the Clever Hans effect. If you see a gorilla smile you can definitely identify it though. "Koko touched the lives of millions as an ambassador for all gorillas and an icon for interspecies communication and empathy. Earth Koko love. I want to ask about self-awareness. Koko gently picked up the grey one, and cradled it in her arms. They use their words when they want something concrete. The gorilla turned to Patterson and requested that I enter her enclosure. That being said, there is much to empathize with our primate cousins, and Koko's bonding with her pet cat was an example of the "human-like" emotions gorillas are capable of. Her timing was perfect. Her message from the video reads: "I am gorilla I am flowers, animals. When the woman relented and showed her breasts to Koko, Patterson commented "Oh look, Koko, she has big nipples." The video does show Koko, a western lowland gorilla whom The Associated Press has previously reported was taught sign language from an early age as a scientific test subject. Look what happened to him and his family, and cats are doing the same thingskilling others and eating them. She's famous for her signing skills, but all is not what it seems. It means she really likes you. VIDEO OF KOKO THE GORILLAS LAST WORDS!!! Penny Patterson, who had custody of Koko and who had organized The Gorilla Foundation, wrote that Koko cared for the kitten as if he were a baby gorilla. If Koko is a queen, then her kingdom is a sprawling research facility in the mountains outside Santa Cruz, California. Bad, sad, bad, she signed, shoulders hunched. (1997). Researchers said that she tried to nurse All Ball and was very gentle and loving. Close your eyes," before beginning to squat and breathe heavily. Earth Koko love. When Koko met the late actor Robin Williams, she smiled and they tickled each other. There are now mixed feelings about these attempts to teach animals human language. Koko was taught over 1,100 ASL signs by her instructor and caregiver Francine Patterson. Patterson: Yes, and there was another weird one both of them did, which I translated as Walk up your back. They put their hands palm-up behind their back and sort of bounce them a little. Show your breasts again. Can Nigeria's election result be overturned? Koko is gone and Im broken. Even a month before her birthday, she starts putting out some of these cards with birthday designs on thembirthday cakes and things like that. Animal Cognition. They also debated how much of Koko's communication actually came from herself or how much we projected ourselves onto her. Koko: Fact or Fiction?. They were shooting a hose at her to keep her away from that boy, and she rescued him in the face of that punishment and took him to her caregivers. You are probably bored with my nipples. She asked me to tell her what it was. The gorillas two kitten playmates romped in a crate by her feet. Connect with the definitive source for global and local news, APS ASSESSMENT: Partly false. Koko is perhaps the best known gorilla in the world because of her sign language and artistic abilities, her relationships with kittens, and a considerable amount of worldwide media since she was a baby. 'fireworks child', is of Japanese origin and is a reference to her date of birth, the Fourth of July. My major concern is that the video is edited for a specific audience, Cripps said. She hadn't smiled, and she had been very, very sadnot talking much, not eating much. People have looked at zoo gorillas gesturing, and they [make signs] extensively under certain situations. I think 100 different ones have been cataloged in various studies, both in free-living and zoo-dwelling gorillas. [The incident with his parents] may have involved traps and trees. ), In addition to language, Koko's behavior also revealed emotions similar to those of humans. Koko with her caretaker, Penny Patterson, in the documentary Koko: The Gorilla Who Talks. We all started crying together, Cohn recalled to the LA Times. [3] The name "Hanabiko" (), lit. Stupid! When Koko was told that Williams died in 2016, her reaction once again went viral as photos showed her looking visibly upset. Our problem is that we live in the past and we live in the future, but we very rarely dwell in the now. Read about our approach to external linking. Koko sorry. Koko did not master sign language. She only learned some signs in American Sign Language, but not all of it. It's not a set of crude gestures that your captive ape can master. Koko was the world's foremost celebrity gorilla. Maybe were more blunt, and also just quiet. In Language in Primates (pp. Patterson: He was using all types of new gestures to show what he saw, like cut and neck. There was another one where it looked he was showing spots on his face, probably blood. Next, Koko asked me to pick some flowers from a nearby garden and bring them over. With Bertie Carvel, Leonardo DiCaprio, Peter Gabriel, Koko. Here she is on BBC News in 1985, with her kitten friend. That is not nice. The gorilla was only a few years old when she first made the gesturesweeping a paw diagonally across her chest as if tracing a royal sash. Even a cursory glance reveals she was an ambassador for non human communication. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. A wave of articles poured on about Koko and how awesome Koko signed 1k BABY SIGN LANGUAGE words. 2012. Stupid! When her trainer asked the meaning of the name, Koko answered, Lips lipstick. In many obituaries, it was claimed that she "mastered" American Sign Language, using over 1,000 signs, but some experts said the headlines praising her sign language skills were rather inaccurate. But man stupid Stupid! Koko was born in San Francisco Zoo, [2] and lived most of her life at The Gorilla Foundation 's preserve in the Santa Cruz Mountains. When Koko's death was announced, many news organisations, including the BBC, wrote headlines such as "Koko: Gorilla who mastered sign language" and "Koko, famed gorilla that learned sign language". Heres why each season begins twice. Brain and Language, 8(2), 162-183. Cynthia Gorney, a contributing writer for National Geographic, interviewed Koko in 1985. [28][29] She had been reported to relay personal memories. Hurry! She taught me so much.". [57][58] The Gorilla Foundation released a statement that "The impact has been profound and what she has taught us about the emotional capacity of gorillas and their cognitive abilities will continue to shape the world. Koko started learning a version of American Sign Language adapted for apes when she was a year old, and 45 years. Morin: How does primate cognition compare to that of humans? [21], In 1978, Koko gained worldwide attention as she was pictured on the cover of National Geographic magazine. Morin: He had a moral judgment about killing? Theyve also said that humans communicate extemporaneously about the things around them, conversing for conversations sake alone. Maybe most important, those who met Koko, from reporters to actors to the late Mr. Rogers, almost all say they felt something. Tomasello, M., & Call, J. 4361). These animals can sniff it out. "Although the apes can use two or three signs in a sequence, close inspection of filmed data has repeatedly shown trainers prompting them, and then questionably interpreting separate responses as signed sentences.". With this kind of appreciation of sign language structure it is plain that 'signing' apes have never proven capable of displaying grammatical competence comparable to human fluency. We would go deliver the meal together shortly, but first I had some questions for the 68-year-old researcher. So much so, that in terms of the passing of [her kitten] All Balleven 15 years later, whenever she encountered a picture of a kitten that looked like All Ball, she would sign, Sad. Morin: Im curious about the signs that gorillas make amongst themselvesare the signs and their meanings consistent or is it more fluid that that? [33], Criticism from some scientists centered on the fact that while publications often appeared in the popular press about Koko, scientific publications with substantial data were fewer in number. In 1985, Koko was allowed to pick out two new kittens from a litter to be her companions. I am nature. Jocelyn bolanos Anthropology 118 22 October 2012 Koko the Gorrilla Koko is an extraordinary gorilla that is able to communicate to humans by the use of American Sign Language. Morin: Did he ever communicate the substance of those nightmares? The caregiver showed Koko a skeleton and asked, Is this alive or dead? Koko signed, Dead, draped. Draped means covered up. Then the caregiver asked, Where do animals go when they die? Koko said, A comfortable hole. Then she gave a kiss goodbye. It was hard to look at Koko and not experience some aspect of myself staring back at me. I remember one Valentine's Day, she had some cards out waiting for me that stated pretty clearly Where are the goodies?. When Koko watched a sad movie, her eyes watered. Magazines, wrote on the gorilla foundations website, Or create a free account to access more articles, Koko, the Cat-Loving Gorilla Who Learned Sign Language, Dies at 46. Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. She was acting as though they were real, and was very frightened of them, and didn't want to touch them. Koko has created new signs for things that we didnt even have signs for, barrette for exampleshe simply traced a line where the barrette would be in your hair. Oxford University Press. Whats the future of education? [49] The lawsuits were settled out of court. Because she was smart enough to comprehend and use aspects of our language, Koko could show us what all great apes are capable of: reasoning about their world, and loving and grieving the other beings to whom they become attached, Barbara King, a professor emerita of anthropology at the College of William and Mary, says by email. Im not here to insult the writers but to hit them with the reality. Koko started learning a version of American Sign Language adapted for apes when she was a year old, and 45 years later she could comprehend 2,000 words and speak 1,000. Can you say it another way? She couldn't. Koko the gorilla, who is said to have been able to communicate by using more than 1,000 hand signs, has died in California at the age of 46. Terrace, H. S. (1983). Please be respectful of copyright. Its important to note that at the time of the PSAs release, a press release from The Gorilla Foundation made note that Koko was briefed on several environmental issues concerning the planet and her video message was put together in numerous takes. Last edited on 25 February 2023, at 19:53, "Why Koko the Gorilla, Who Mastered Sign Language, Mattered", "Koko the gorilla used smarts, empathy to help change views", "Vocabulary size and auditory word recognition in preschool children", "Koko Is Dead, but the Myth of Her Linguistic Skills Lives On", "What it's like to be interviewed for a job by Koko the gorilla: 'She had a lot to say', "Speech sound discrimination ability in a Lowland gorilla", "Hanabiko ('Koko') the Gorilla at SF Zoo", "Robin Williams, Mister Rodgers, Leonardo DiCaprio and 5 More of Koko the Gorilla's Famous Fans", "Koko Writes in Journal The Gorilla Foundation", "Gorilla's Pets: Koko Mourns Kitten's Death", "Koko the gorilla ape over her new kittens", "The Real Meaning of Koko's Purported Nipple Fetish", "Ex-worker is third to sue over gorilla / Woman says she had to show her breasts to Koko", "Gorilla Foundation rocked by breast display lawsuit / Former employees say they were told to expose chests", "Koko The Gorilla Celebrates 44th Birthday With Two Cute And Cuddly Gifts", "The Gorilla Foundation is sad to announce the passing of our beloved Koko", "Koko the Gorilla, Who Used Sign Language and Befriended Mr. Rogers, Dies at 46", "Koko The Gorilla Dies; Redrew The Lines Of Animal-Human Communication", "Koko, the gorilla whose sign language abilities changed our view of animal intelligence, dies at 46", "Koko: The Gorilla Who Talks to People - BBC One", "The case for the personhood of gorillas", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koko_(gorilla)&oldid=1141581998. Hers were dark and serene. Research and work with Koko, and other gorillas, has revealed that great apes have language skills similar to small children. I wanted to understand more about her famous charge and the rest of our closest living relatives. All Ball was tragically hit by a car about six months later, and Kokos reaction once again stunned researchers. She was later moved to Stanford, and soon thereafter Patterson and collaborator Ronald Cohn founded The Gorilla Foundation. [34][35][36] Other researchers argued that Koko did not understand the meaning behind what she was doing and learned to complete the signs simply because the researchers rewarded her for doing so (indicating that her actions were the product of operant conditioning). She also appeared a second time on the cover in January 1985, in a story about Koko and her pet kitten. Morin: He believed he was wounded then? One of the first words that Koko used to describe herself was Queen. CLAIM: Video shows Koko, a famous gorilla who learned and communicated with sign language, delivering her last words to humanity, which involved saying people needed to fix, help, and protect Earth. The gorilla gestured goodbye, and watched me goand there it was again, that profoundly penetrating gaze that reciprocated my own. 2012. Morin: Do you have a sense of what that mentality is like experientially for them? ", But Koko warmed to her interviewer quickly, and when Gorney asked Koko where gorillas go when they die, she signed, Comfortable hole bye.". She sniffed at it once, before turning her head, apparently unimpressed. [The gorilla] Binti Jua saved a boy who fell into her enclosure. But yes - Koko certainly did not master anything like a sign language. Speaking sign language has always felt perceived as more prestigious than other languages, at least in my experience. In 2005, three female staff members at The Gorilla Foundation, where Koko resided, filed lawsuits against the organization, alleging that they were pressured to reveal their nipples to Koko by the organization's executive director, Francine Patterson (Penny), among other violations of labor law. Her death in June of this year saddened fans across the globe. It was the rare person who would think of describing Koko as "the gorilla that understands 2,000 words and can sign 1,000 of them." Those accomplishments fairly demand a who. In the scene, Rogers visits Koko, and she embraces him . Patterson: I would say, yes, definitely. Cambridge University Press, p. 20, Nick Lund. I told Koko that I liked the smell and asked if she did too. Through the years, Koko was visited by numerous celebrities. 24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events. Cengage Learning, pp. This is part of APs effort to address widely shared misinformation, including work with outside companies and organizations to add factual context to misleading content that is circulating online. Arguably the best-known gorilla in captivity, Koko died yesterday. Patterson: Oh yes. A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. Koko chose a gray and white kitten that she named All Ball. She treated the feline like one of her own nurturing it, carrying it around like a baby and even trying to nurse it at one point. Reaching Into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes. 1998. I am nature. Teaching apes to ape language: Explaining the imitative and nonimitative signing of a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). University of Birmingham's Dr Adam Schembri said the headlines need "to be worded with care to avoid crating a misleading impression." Any human parent would immediately recognize her tight-lipped, arms-crossed, hunched-over pouting posture. 1992. She maintained a complex list of abstract words, using them correctly in in complex ways. Nancy can show you her nipples," Patterson reportedly said on one occasion. Born on the Fourth of July in 1971 at the San Francisco Zoo, Koko was loaned to Patterson at the age of 1 for a research project at Stanford University on interspecies communications. Morin: If the gorillas are becoming more human-like, are you becoming more gorilla-like? As someone whose parents were deaf and is fluent in ASL, I find the reverence for Koko and her speaking sign language fascinating. Patterson: He was really traumatized. 20K Share 1.1M views 4 years ago With a sign language vocabulary of more than a 1,000 words and the ability to understand thousands more, Koko was a scientific marvel and source of wonder for. Born on July 4th, 1971, Koko had a difficult life as a infant . I realized that when she tears a page out of a magazine or a book, its not trash. So I did. He was used to being washed with a washcloth, but this time we secretly put pink paint on it to mark him. Hanabiko aka Koko was a female western lowland gorilla. In reality, the video was filmed three years before the animals death, and was a scripted PSA edited together from several shorter clips. Amongst the many human-like traits that made Koko special was she seemed to have a sense of humor, and even a bit of playful mischievousness. National Geographic magazine featured Koko of its cover twice: First in October 1978, with a photograph that she took of herself in a mirror (perhaps making it one of the earliest prominent animal selfies). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 99(2), 197. But when it comes to Koko, that may not really matter. Shell disengage.. Released by conservationist group No, the video racked up nearly two million views and featured Koko pleading with humans to help the planet before it was too late. For Koko, thats an invitation for a play game that involves me walking my fingers up her back. When the woman briefly lifted her t-shirt, flashing her undergarments, Patterson admonished the woman and reiterated that Koko wanted to see her nipples. Patterson: There are all kinds of lessons in there about heroism and empathy. So how exactly did Koko deliver this message? I noticed once that Koko somehow had put a cover over a small table [in her room] and the underneath part was private. (See stunning photos of gorillas.). That means shes happy, Patterson noted. Koko remained with her mother until the age of one when Koko was taken to the zoo's hospital to be treated for a life-threatening illness. She attracted some pretty famous interlocutors during her day, as well. That gap points to emotional differences between us and our simian peers that researchers who spend years raising apes almost as their children are eager to disprove or overcome. "To look into the eyes of a 300-pound gorilla and have her tell you what she's thinking is truly humbling," actress Betty White said after visiting Koko in 2012. Koko, the western lowland gorilla who signed her way into people's hearts, died peacefully in her sleep at the age of 46. Help Earth! . John Benjamins Publishing, p. 131, Joel Wallman. It might mean Give me the treat youve got, or it might mean I want my toothbrush, or even just, Engage with me. She understood that signs had power. Koko, a western lowland gorilla, died in her sleep at age 46 last week. Williams called their meeting awesome and unforgettable.. [47], Koko was reported to have a preoccupation with both male and female human nipples, with several people saying that Koko requested to see their nipples. Thank you." She got all environmental activist on us there at the end apparently. Ultimately, it was hard to avoid constructing a narrative around what I was seeing. , as a PSA for the COP21 Climate Conference in Paris that year. They believed that Koko's nurturing of the kitten and the skills she gained through playing with dolls would be helpful in Koko's learning how to nurture an offspring. 19-42). She and her brother had the same gesture, even though they had never met. Cambridge University Press, Nov 26, 1998 p. 330. The Gorilla Foundation announced Koko's death,. Time hurry! Independent news Edit: also u/TarBro below points out: "What Does Koko the Gorilla Know About Climate Change?" She connected not only with some humans but also with animals, especially kittens. Morin: Do you think that gorillas have a theory of mind? The free-living gorillas might talk about simple things like Where are we going to get our next meal? but here [at the research facility] there is so much more to talk about. Patterson: Very much so. Eventually, Koko remained with Patterson, supported by The Gorilla Foundation, which Patterson founded to support gorilla research and conservation. She then lived with another male gorilla, Ndume,[56] until her death. After a while, Patterson brought in the kittens. I tried calling the Gorilla Foundation and spoke to somebody there who was very helpful, but could not give me a conclusive answer. We need to start taking better care of our Earth if humans and gorillas want to be around to enjoy it. Apes who "talk": language or projection of language by their teachers?. This video does not show the gorillas final words. I thought of all the radio and optical telescopes of the world perpetually aimed at the skyscanning the heavens for the faintest glimmer of intelligent life. Koko sorry. At first, Koko did not seem to warm to Gorney, calling her a toilet via sign language. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. Protect Earth. There is no doubt that Koko the gorilla was special. [6] Koko's training began at the age of 1 and she had a working vocabulary of more than 1,000 signs, which she was able to combine in complex ways. Skip twitter post 6 by Prof. Diane Lillo-Martin, Ph.D. [22] At the preserve, Koko also met and interacted with a variety of celebrities including Robin Williams, Fred Rogers, Betty White, William Shatner, Flea, Leonardo DiCaprio, Peter Gabriel, and Sting. [MORE COVERAGE: Koko, the gorilla who knew sign language, dies at 46]. She achieved scores in the 7090 range, which is comparable to a human infant that is slow but not intellectually impaired. Actor Jackson Odell Found Dead in His California Home at 20, What America's Richest Ski Town's Handling of COVID-19 Shows. [18][19][20], Koko was born on July 4, 1971, at the San Francisco Zoo to her biological mother Jacqueline and father Bwana. [31] Koko was reported to use language deceptively, and to use counterfactual statements for humorous effects, suggesting an underlying theory of other minds. Marcus Perlman, a linguist, who studied Koko as part of his research into ape communication, weighed in. Koko, the celebrated western lowland gorilla, died at the age of 46 this week. Molly Roberts is an editor, writer and producer for The Post's Opinions section. Morin: So, youre suggesting that they have innate gestures? Morin: What kinds of research are you currently working on with Koko? She started whimpering a distinct hooting sound that gorillas make when they are sad. Morin: You mentioned before in the case of Barbara Weller that Michael saw her as a kind of mother. Can an ape create a sentence?. another way of expressing #language, just as spoken language does. In this section, we introduce you to Koko and her extended family at The Gorilla Foundation, and contrast these enculturated gorillas with gorillas around the world. Fix Earth! Patterson: Maybe a little more subtle. Patterson, Francine and Wendy Gordon (1993). In the beginning, she looked behind the mirror for the other gorilla, but eventually came to use it as a tool and to groom herself and do all the activities that people do. Then, I looked at some footage of her brother at the San Francisco zoo engaged in play with another gorilla, and I saw the gesture. Apes and language: The search for communicative competence. Help Earth! How can I tell a lie? So communication in ASL or any such signed language entails acquiring command of a far more complex system of linguistic expression. ", The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? [27] At age 19, Koko was able to pass the mirror test of self-recognition, which most other gorillas fail. 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koko the gorilla last words
